Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016 . Retrieved December 27, 2015. {{ cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link) Minin, V. F.; Baibulatov, F. Kh. (1969). "On the nature of beaded lightning". Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR. 188 (4): 795–798.

Each re-strike is separated by a relatively large amount of time, typically 40 to 50 milliseconds, as other charged regions in the cloud are discharged in subsequent strokes. Re-strikes often cause a noticeable " strobe light" effect. [66] Colvin, J. D.; Mitchell, C. K.; Greig, J. R.; Murphy, D. P.; Pechacek, R. E.; Raleigh, M. (1987). "An empirical study of the nuclear explosion-induced lightning seen on IVY-MIKE". Journal of Geophysical Research. 92 (D5): 5696–5712. Bibcode: 1987JGR....92.5696C. doi: 10.1029/JD092iD05p05696. The charge carrier in lightning is mainly electrons in a plasma. [22] The process of going from charge as ions (positive hydrogen ion and negative hydroxide ion) associated with liquid water or solid water to charge as electrons associated with lightning must involve some form of electro-chemistry, that is, the oxidation and/or the reduction of chemical species. [23] As hydroxide functions as a base and carbon dioxide is an acidic gas, it is possible that charged water clouds in which the negative charge is in the form of the aqueous hydroxide ion, interact with atmospheric carbon dioxide to form aqueous carbonate ions and aqueous hydrogen carbonate ions.Souness is also in the frame because of his reputation as an impact manager. He is also available, lives locally and Bolton know he is up for a return to the dug-out. Where LightningStrikes". NASA Science. Science News. December 5, 2001. Archived from the original on July 16, 2010 . Retrieved July 5, 2010. Bench collapse sparks lightning, roiling clouds". Volcano Watch. United States Geological Survey. June 11, 1998. Archived from the original on January 14, 2012 . Retrieved October 7, 2012. Small, short duration sparks, recently documented near newly extruded magma, attest to the material being highly charged prior to even entering the atmosphere. [124] The far-travelled boss was out of work after a disastrous spell at Nottingham Forest, but Gartside likes his work ethic and thinks he is potentially the right man.

a b Ceranic, Irena (November 28, 2020). "Fire tornadoes and dry lightning are just the start of the nightmare when a bushfire creates its own storm". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Kákona, Jakub (2023). "In situ ground-based mobile measurement of lightning events above central Europe". Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 16 (2): 547–561. Bibcode: 2023AMT....16..547K. doi: 10.5194/amt-16-547-2023. S2CID 253187897. Main article: Distribution of lightning Data from space-based sensors reveal the uneven distribution of worldwide lightning strikes. Units: flashes/km2/yr. Data obtained from April 1995 to February 2003 from NASA's Optical Transient Detector and from January 1998 to February 2003 from NASA's Lightning Imaging Sensor.Cutoff of an extended negative leader from its origin which creates a new bidirectional leader in which the positive end strikes the ground, commonly seen in anvil-crawler spider flashes. Some interesting Flat recruits - notably Ogee and Khyber Kim - make their winter debuts in the two-mile introductory hurdle (2.05), but preference is for THEATRE GIRL.

Effects on buildings and vehicles Strokes of cloud-to-ground lightning during a thunderstorm in the town of Oradea. Heat lightning is a lightning flash that appears to produce no discernible thunder because it occurs too far away for the thunder to be heard. The sound waves dissipate before they reach the observer. [94]IC lightning most commonly occurs between the upper anvil portion and lower reaches of a given thunderstorm. This lightning can sometimes be observed at great distances at night as so-called " sheet lightning". In such instances, the observer may see only a flash of light without hearing any thunder.

Three primary types of lightning are defined by the "starting" and "ending" points of a flash channel. Thanks to specific algorithms, data is processed on board to send only useful information to Earth, supporting the development of more accurate weather forecasts, as well as contributing to the study of weather phenomena and air transport safety." Ball, Philip (January 17, 2014). "Focus:First Spectrum of Ball Lightning". Physics. Vol.7. p.5. Bibcode: 2014PhyOJ...7....5B. doi: 10.1103/physics.7.5. Archived from the original on January 18, 2014 . Retrieved January 18, 2014. The electric current of the return stroke averages 30 kiloamperes for a typical negative CG flash, often referred to as "negative CG" lightning. In some cases, a ground-to-cloud (GC) lightning flash may originate from a positively charged region on the ground below a storm. These discharges normally originate from the tops of very tall structures, such as communications antennas. The rate at which the return stroke current travels has been found to be around 100,000km/s (one-third of the speed of light). [64] Dash, J. G.; Mason, B. L.; Wettlaufer, J. S. (September 16, 2001). "Theory of charge and mass transfer in ice-ice collisions". Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 106 (D17): 20395–20402. Bibcode: 2001JGR...10620395D. doi: 10.1029/2001JD900109.Gartside is unlikely to move for Paul Jewell, although Glenn Hoddle and Peter Reid are possibilities and Chris Coleman's name is being pushed as he struggles at Real Sociedad. Haby, Jeff. "What is heat lightning?". theweatherprediction.com. Archived from the original on November 4, 2016 . Retrieved May 11, 2009.