In non-human primates, it may be that testosterone in puberty stimulates sexual arousal, which allows the primate to increasingly seek out sexual experiences with females and thus creates a sexual preference for females. [49] Some research has also indicated that if testosterone is eliminated in an adult male human or other adult male primate's system, its sexual motivation decreases, but there is no corresponding decrease in ability to engage in sexual activity (mounting, ejaculating, etc.). [49] Testosterone has been found to be non-mutagenic in vitro using the reverse mutation model (Ames test) or Chinese hamster ovary cells. A relationship between androgen treatment and certain cancers has been found in studies on laboratory animals. Experimental data in rats have shown increased incidences of prostate cancer after treatment with testosterone.

Early infancy androgen effects are the least understood. In the first weeks of life for male infants, testosterone levels rise. The levels remain in a pubertal range for a few months, but usually reach the barely detectable levels of childhood by 4–7 months of age. [23] [24] The function of this rise in humans is unknown. It has been theorized that brain masculinization is occurring since no significant changes have been identified in other parts of the body. [25] The male brain is masculinized by the aromatization of testosterone into estradiol, [26] which crosses the blood–brain barrier and enters the male brain, whereas female fetuses have α-fetoprotein, which binds the estrogen so that female brains are not affected. [27] Before puberty [ edit ] Transdermal ( gel, cream, solution, patch), by mouth (as testosterone undecanoate), in the cheek, intranasal (gel), intramuscular injection (as esters), subcutaneous pellets Testosterone levels should be monitored at baseline and at regular intervals during treatment. Clinicians should adjust the dosage individually to ensure maintenance of eugonadal testosterone levels.

La Farmacia Dr. Max punem oamenii pe primul loc si ne dorim sa aducem pacientilor din Romania raspunsuri la unele dintre cele mai frecvente curiozitati medicale si de ingrijire personala. Adevarati specialisti, oameni atenti la ce recomanda sunt mereu aproape de tine si iti pregatesc zilnic articole atent documentate, pentru a-ti oferi informatii corecte si complete despre subiectele tale de interes. Descopera care sunt cele mai frecvente probleme cu care se confrunta organismul uman, cum iti poti mentine starea de bine, dar si multe alte subiecte care te vor ajuta sa fii si sa te simti sanatos, increzator si plin de energie in fiecare zi! Dobrý den, rád bych se zeptal zda je možné kombinovat, testosterol + biosterol + Tribullus Terrestris, na internetu jsem se dočetl že by to nemělo ničemu vadit jelikož je to vše přírodní, ale radši se ptám. Administrați 1 capsulă zilnic după micul dejun timp de 45 de zile fără întrerupere. Dacă sunteți un culturist avansat sau aveți o greutate mai mare de 85 kg, dublați porția.

While the extent of paternal care varies between cultures, higher investment in direct child care has been seen to be correlated with lower average testosterone levels as well as temporary fluctuations. [73] For instance, fluctuation in testosterone levels when a child is in distress has been found to be indicative of fathering styles. If a father's testosterone levels decrease in response to hearing their baby cry, it is an indication of empathizing with the baby. This is associated with increased nurturing behavior and better outcomes for the infant. [74] Motivation [ edit ] The relationship between testosterone and aggression may also function indirectly, as it has been proposed that testosterone does not amplify tendencies towards aggression but rather amplifies whatever tendencies will allow an individual to maintain social status when challenged. In most animals, aggression is the means of maintaining social status. However, humans have multiple ways of obtaining social status. This could explain why some studies find a link between testosterone and pro-social behaviour if pro-social behaviour is rewarded with social status. Thus the link between testosterone and aggression and violence is due to these being rewarded with social status. [114] The relationship may also be one of a "permissive effect" whereby testosterone does elevate aggression levels but only in the sense of allowing average aggression levels to be maintained; chemically or physically castrating the individual will reduce aggression levels (though it will not eliminate them) but the individual only needs a small-level of pre-castration testosterone to have aggression levels to return to normal, which they will remain at even if additional testosterone is added. Testosterone may also simply exaggerate or amplify existing aggression; for example, chimpanzees who receive testosterone increases become more aggressive to chimps lower than them in the social hierarchy but will still be submissive to chimps higher than them. Testosterone thus does not make the chimpanzee indiscriminately aggressive but instead amplifies his pre-existing aggression towards lower-ranked chimps. [115] Testosterone supplements can also be taken when the body is unable to produce enough testosterone - a condition known as testosterone deficiency (or hypogonadism). Low testosterone levels can have a significant impact on a man's health and quality of life. La barbati, testosteronul este secretat la nivelul testiculelor, in interiorul celulelor Leydig. La femei, ovarele sunt producatoare de testosteron, in doze mult mai mici decat exista in organismul barbatilor [1]. Steroly 250 mg - sójový extrakt 255 mg, růžový extrakt 32 mg, švestkový extrakt s inulínem - pruni cum inulin 31 mg, protihrudkující činidla (hořečnaté soli mastných kyselin, oxid křemičitý), obal kapsle - hovězí želatina.Un nivel de testosteron mai mic sau mai mare decat limitele mentionate, considerate normale, are un impact important asupra sanatatii. Nivel ridicat de testosteron Only one case of acute testosterone overdose following an injection has been reported in the literature. This was a case of a cerebrovascular accident in a patient with a high plasma testosterone concentration of 114 ng/ml (395 nmol/l). It would be most unlikely that such blood testosterone levels would be achieved using the transdermal route. In addition to conjugation and the 17-ketosteroid pathway, testosterone can also be hydroxylated and oxidized in the liver by cytochrome P450 enzymes, including CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6. [181] 6β-Hydroxylation and to a lesser extent 16β-hydroxylation are the major transformations. [181] The 6β-hydroxylation of testosterone is catalyzed mainly by CYP3A4 and to a lesser extent CYP3A5 and is responsible for 75 to 80% of cytochrome P450-mediated testosterone metabolism. [181] In addition to 6β- and 16β-hydroxytestosterone, 1β-, 2α/β-, 11β-, and 15β-hydroxytestosterone are also formed as minor metabolites. [181] [182] Certain cytochrome P450 enzymes such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 can also oxidize testosterone at the C17 positi Gynecomastia occasionally develops and occasionally persists in patients being treated with androgens for hypogonadism. Fatherhood decreases testosterone levels in men, suggesting that the emotions and behaviour tied to paternal care decrease testosterone levels. In humans and other species that utilize allomaternal care, paternal investment in offspring is beneficial to said offspring's survival because it allows the two parents to raise multiple children simultaneously. This increases the reproductive fitness of the parents because their offspring are more likely to survive and reproduce. Paternal care increases offspring survival due to increased access to higher quality food and reduced physical and immunological threats. [71] This is particularly beneficial for humans since offspring are dependent on parents for extended periods of time and mothers have relatively short inter-birth intervals. [72]